Mohammad Hossein Saei; Mohammad Hossein Azadi; Hadi Alborzi Davati
Abstract
The new term "fake news", with extensive changes in communications infrastructures and the emergence of new media and subsequent changes in the structures and institutions of human societies, including politics and economics has become one of the controversial issues of public and academic fields ...
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The new term "fake news", with extensive changes in communications infrastructures and the emergence of new media and subsequent changes in the structures and institutions of human societies, including politics and economics has become one of the controversial issues of public and academic fields related to journalism, media, communication, and culture in recent years. This Scientific term is used in public discussions to explain different phenomena which are not necessarily mean fake news. The lack of clear definition of the term -fake news- and cases that are typically confused with this scientific term makes it difficult to understand the harm and consequences of it and the possibility of adopting solutions to combat it. This research has identified the similar types with fake news by a comprehensive review of available scientific sources: Satire, Parody, Fabrication, Manipulation, Propaganda, Advertising, Hoax, Rumor, so to obtain indicators to compare and conceptually organize these media phenomena. 18 experts of news and media were interviewed. These indicators are "author", "editorial", "content" and "gender relationship". At the end of this study, based on the obtained indicators, the term fake news is explained and a complete table is made to clearly express the differences and similarities of all similar types with fake news..
